Correctly inspecting and servicing brakes is one of the critical jobs for any mechanic or technician to master. The lifetime of a brake pad can vary dramatically, so it’s essential to be able to identify when they need replacing.

Your 12 essential tips for a thorough brake inspection

1. Heat cracks

   When you’re inspecting discs, keep an eye out for heat cracks. You can do more in-depth tests if you find them with a dial indicator gauge.

2. Brake fluid level

   Always check the brake fluid level and condition. If needed, change the fluids and drain a small amount to allow for the fluid returning from the pistons as they’re retracted . Remove the brake fluid reservoir cap when returning piston to avoid resistance and damaging the system.

3. Inspect surrounding areas

   On brake disc and pad replacement, you should inspect all of the surrounding parts and components for wear and damage. These include steering and suspension parts, bushes, bearings, brake hoses and pipes. Also look at wiring and connectors, shock absorbers and springs, and ABS sensors. If you’re replacing only pads, be sure to remove excess corrosion from brake discs.

4. Pad thickness

   Certain marks on the discs can be a sign of issues with the pad. You should always use a pad thickness gauge to assess levels of wear. It’s typically recommended that brake pads should be replaced if the friction material has worn down to a thickness of 3mm or less. However, your benchmark should always be the manufacturer’s guidelines. Check old pads and discs for signs of overheating and excess dust after a drive.

5. Symptoms of pad wear

   An outboard brake pad with heavy wear can often be a sign of issues with guide pins, bushings and even sliders. If it’s the inner pad that’s showing more wear, you might want to check for a seized piston, or problems with the master cylinder.

6. Advice on grease

   Don’t use copper-based grease on modern brake pads, because it can cause the pads to stick in the caliper. It also has a tendency to attack rubber anti-noise coatings on the pad. Consider using Delphi Anti Seize Braking compound instead.

7. Anti-noise pads

   Anti-noise brake pad components lose their strength over time, which can cause not only increased noise, but also unequal wear and uneven braking. Whenever you replace pads or shoes, you should also renew ancillary parts, including springs, clips and shims.

8. Brake shoe wear

   If you want to know whether brake shoes are worn, look for inconsistent brake pedal feel, or vibration when under braking. The parking brake travel can also be excessive.

9. Check the springs

   Brake shoe return springs don’t last for ever, and they can get weaker with age. If they’re not returning shoes to their original and correct positions, they can cause increase lining wear.

10. Ensure lubrication

    Brake shoe self-adjusting mechanisms should be kept free and lubricated properly.

11. Brake hose lifespan

    Brake hoses are made from rubber, which means they can degrade over time. Typically, you don’t need to replace a brake hose in service until it perishes, cracks or becomes constricted.

12. Brake fluid temperature

    Test the heat of the brake fluid to check that its water content offers the best performance and economy. For the best possible reliability it needs regular calibration.

Don’t forget...

If new brake parts are fitted, you should advise your customers to drive gently for the first 200 miles until they ‘bed in’. This is because excessive braking can potentially damage new parts, and lead to a loss of braking efficiency and performance.

You should also recommend that brake discs or drums are replaced in axle sets, as replacing only one side can cause imbalanced braking performance that leads to premature wear.